Systemic Problems and Integrated Ways to Improve Oil Production Efficiency in Complicated Well Conditions

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches to improveoperationalefficiency of the "reservoir - well - pumping equipment" system in the context of increasing share of hard-to-recover reserves. It is shown that traditional methods of local optimization are giving way to a systemic paradigm based on the principle of hierarchical quality planning. The paper structures the main directions of the industry development: from targeted engineering solutionscombating mechanical impurities, high-viscosity oil and complex borehole geometry to digital transformation and creation of predictive models. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the relationship between fundamental methodological principles and their practical implementation in the form of new equipment and software. Deep-rod pumps and rocking machines belong to the group of equipment as subsystems of a unified oil production system. The system consists of the following parts: a rod pump drive - a rocking machine, a deep rod pump, a column of rods, a column of tubing, and wellhead equipment. The rocking machine includes: a frame, a rack, a balancer with a head, a gearbox with a crank mechanism, an electric motor and a control system. Based on the synthesis of scientific and technical sources and patent documentation, system contradictions are formulated and the logic of transition to "proactive system-digital design" is proposed. The key conclusion is the need for a synergetic approach, in which the quality of the reservoir-well-pump system is determined not by the sum of the characteristics of its elements, but by their consistency based on a single hierarchical principle. This is confirmed by the practice of leading industry enterprises, for example, PJSC Izhneftemash. The further development of the industry will be determined by the ability to overcome institutional barriers (updating the regulatory framework, unifying the language) and ensure the integration of advanced engineering and digital solutions into a single lifecycle management system for a mining asset.