Theoretical and Methodological Basis of the Scientific Substantiation of the All-Russian Physical and Sport Complex "Ready to Work and Defense" (GTO)

Abstract

The paper presents the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the scientific substantiation of the all-Russian sports complex "Ready to work and defense" (GTO), introduced in the Russian Federation by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation in March 2014. The changed social and economic conditions in the country resulted in a change of physical development and physical preparedness of the population, requiring, in turn, the need for in-depth scientific research on justification of structure, content and regulations of the new complex. Given that the GTO has not been applied in practice of physical culture movement for more than 20 years, the basis for the development of the project was the contents of the previous, the most scientifically based complexes, which operated in the USSR in 1972 and 1985. However, it was obvious that the physical fitness of a modern man differs for the worse from that which previously existed and, consequently, the ratios of these complexes cannot be applied at present, since a long period of time passed since the latest research. To take account all the changes, the study was conducted that consisted of two phases: the first phase (2014) - a study of physical fitness of pupils and students referred to I-VI the steps of the complex aged 6 to 24 years. The study involved 113 thousand people from 11 regions of the Russian Federation. The second phase (2015) is a study of physical fitness of the adult population, attributed to the VI-XI stages (25-70 years). About 81 thousand people from 24 regions of the Russian Federation participated in the testing. The total number of subjects for 2 years was 195 011. The testing program consisted of 53 trials, the results of which, the treatment was subjected to 1.2 million results and set standards for three levels of difficulty: gold, silver and bronze badges. To comply with the principle of equal difficulty standards for all age and sex groups and types of tests used a method based on percentiles (20, 40, 10 and 30%). The results of the study generated a data bank of physical fitness of the population and acceptance of the relevant orders of the Ministry of sport of the Russian Federation, which established the state requirements of the GTO to the physical fitness of the population.