THEORETICAL MODEL FOR MANAGING THE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION PROCESS

Abstract

The article is devoted to the current problem of import substitution, since increasing technological independence is identified as a priority in the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. In the context of ongoing sanctions from the West, the processes of import substitution require the formation of scientific and methodological tools for the diversification of production processes based on technologies, materials and components of domestic production. The theoretical analysis carried out made it possible to identify and characterize the main integration forms of interaction between organizations in the process of import substitution (holding, cluster, union, technology park), determine their advantages and disadvantages from the standpoint of combining production capacities and complementary resources and technologies. An analysis of the regulatory and legislative framework governing the processes of import substitution was carried out to ensure the overall orderliness of actions. As part of the work of the Government Commission on Import Substitution, the “Plan for Promoting Import Substitution in Industry” was adopted; in accordance with the priority areas of scientific and technological development until 2030, private regulatory legal acts are constantly being developed. The analysis of statistical data showed that the domestic industrial complex is successfully coping with the consequences of the lack of imports, options have been found to intensify import substitution processes within the framework of innovation infrastructure, and “digital production” technologies are being developed. The import substitution policy has received a new round of development from 2022, aimed at replacing missing imported products along with critical end-to-end technologies. There is an annual increase in indicators of intellectual activity and infrastructure support for import substitution processes. A methodological approach to managing import substitution processes is proposed, which involves creating an infrastructure to support developers of new technologies, taking into account the possibility of network interaction. A generalized model of the mechanism for managing import substitution processes is proposed, ensuring the achievement of goals at the micro-macro and meso levels, which can be the basis for developing a methodology for forming the import substitution process of an organization.