IMPERSONAL SENTENCES EXPRESSING THE RESULT OF AN ACTION (based on the udmurt language)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of impersonal sentences expressing the performed action or the state of the object in the system of the modern Udmurt language. Special attention is paid to the syntactic role of the participle with -мын (-myn) as the main element of the predicate, as well as its combinations with negative words and auxiliary verbs, clarifying the temporal characteristics of the action. The article contributes to clarifying the grammatical classification of impersonal sentences in the Udmurt language. For the first time, it is proposed to identify a new, independent semantic group of impersonal sentences expressing the result of an action. To support this hypothesis, typological parallels are given with the Russian language (the category of predicates of the effective state) and the Komi language (impersonal constructions denoting the end of an action and its result). The article substantiates the idea that the identified category is a stable, semantically homogeneous group focused on the result of the process, rather than on its leader. The study contributes to clarifying the grammatical classification of impersonal sentences in the Udmurt language. At the same time, the formal proximity of some impersonal and passive forms of the Udmurt language has been revealed, since they include the same components (the passive participle and the auxiliary verb «to be»), which makes it necessary to rely on syntactic positions and consistent relationships in classification. The article suggests diagnostic criteria that make it possible to distinguish impersonal constructions from passive ones: the absence of a nominative argument in the sentence structure; the presence of a nominative argument that does not affect the agreement of the predicate by number and is therefore considered more as an object or thematic element than as a grammatical subject. It can be seen that the boundary between the impersonal and the passive is not always clear and often requires consideration of the specific context and syntactic implementation of arguments.